UC-NRLF 


SB    b?    7fiD 


in 
o 


Eleventh  Series,  No.  9  January  3,  1920 


|Jttlletin 


SCORE  CARD  FOR  VILLAGE  AND  RURAL 

SCHOOL  BUILDINGS  OF  FOUR 

TEACHERS  OR  LESS 

BY 
G.  D.  STRAYER 

PROFESSOR   OF   EDUCATIONAL   ADMINISTRATION 
TEACHERS    COLLEGE,    COLUMBIA    UNIVERSITY 

AND 
N.  L.  ENGELHARDT 

ASSOCIATE    PROFESSOR   OF   EDUCATIONAL   ADMINISTRATION 
TEACHERS   COLLEGE,    COLUMBIA   UNIVERSITY 


PRICfc.  35 


Published  by 

Collie,  (Eolitmbicr 

525  West  120th  Street 
New  York  City 


TEACHERS   COLLEGE  BULLETIN 

Published  fortnightly  from  September  to  May,  inclusive.  Entered  as  second-class 
matter  January  15,  1910,  at  the  Post  Office,  New  York,  N.  Y.,  under  Act  of  August 
24,  1912. 

Acceptance  for  mailing  at  special  rate  of  postage  provided  for  in  Section  1103, 
Act  of  October  3,  1917,  authorized. 

*"MN  LIBRARY    <   ^ 


COPYRIGHT,  1920,  BY  G.   D.   STRAYER  AND  N.   L.   ENGELHARDT 


SCORE    CARD    FOR    VILLAGE  AND  RURAL   SHOOL 
BUILDINGS  OF  FOUR  TEACHERS  OR  LESS 

This  score  card  has  been  developed  after  the  plan  followed 
for  the  Strayer  and  Engelhardt  Score  Card  for  City  School 
Buildings  published  by  this  bureau.  The  major  items  of  the 
city  school  building  score  card  have  also  been  used  here. 
These  major  items  are  Site,  Building,  Service  Systems,  Class- 
rooms and  Special  Rooms. 

In  dividing  among  the  sub-items  the  total  number  of 
points  allotted  to  the  ideal  school  situation,  the  judgments  of 
about  250  judges  have  been  utilized.  The  median  judgment 
of  this  group  was  used  in  each  instance  as  the  basis  for  deter- 
mining the  number  of  points  to  be  allotted  to  any  of  the  sub- 
divisions on  the  score  card. 

A  thorough  knowledge  of  the  standards  which  are  pre- 
sented on  pages  9  to  22  of  this  pamphlet  is  a  prerequisite  to  a 
proper  use  of  the  score  card.  After  these  standards  have  been 
thoroughly  studied,  visits  to  buildings  under  the  guidance  of 
a  competent  student  of  rural  school  problems  would  add 
greatly  in  training  persons  to  use  this  method  of  measurement 
of  the  school  plant. 

Pages  5  to  7  should  be  utilized  in  the  survey  of  the  school 
plant  preliminary  to  the  actual  scoring.  On  page  7,  it  will  be 
found  profitable  to  draw  a  complete  outline  showing  the  details 
of  floor  plans  and  of  grounds.  The  score  card  itself  is  pre- 
sented on  page  8.*  In  using  this  score  sheet,  judges,  when 
actually  examining  the  building,  will  score  in  the  first  blank 
column  on  the  minor  subdivisions  of  the  score  card.  The 
details  for  these  minor  subdivisions  may  subsequently  be  car- 
ried forward  into  the  second  and  third  columns  in  order  to 
secure  the  total  scores  for  each  of  the  major  subdivisions  and 
the  total  score  for  the  building  itself. 

For  one  familiar  with  school  buildings  and  with  the  score 
card,  much  would  be  gained  by  checking  over  blueprints  and 
specifications  in  the  light  of  the  score  card  before  beginning 

*  Pages  5  to  8  are  a  facsimile,  reduced,  of  the  Score  Card  for  Rural  School  Build- 
ings. The  score  card  may  be  obtained  from  the  Bureau  of  Publications,  Teachers 
College,  New  York  City. 

[31 

421259 


4  TEACHERS    COLLEGE   BULLLETIN 

the  construction  of  a  building.  Here  again,  the  value  is  in 
large  measure  to  be  found  in  the  fact  that  each  of  the  more 
important  items  will  be  brought  to  the  attention  of  the  one 
,  who  seek§  to  criticise  the  plans  and  specifications,  and  their 
relative  importance  will  at  least  in  some  measure  be  indicated. 

It  will  be  found  particularly  worth  while  to  score  old 
buildings,  in  order  to  call  attention  to  the  necessity  for  recon- 
struction which  is  always  to  be  found  in  buildings  which  have 
been  in  use  over  a  considerable  number  of  years.  As  one 
studies  the  problem  of  school  buildings  in  the  United  States, 
he  is  impressed  by  the  accidental  or  occasional  repair  or  recon- 
struction which  is  provided.  A  careful  study  and  scoring  of 
these  buildings  will  often  indicate  common  deficiencies  of  very 
great  importance  which  should  receive  immediate  attention, 
and  others  which  are  of  relatively  less  significance  which  may 
be  postponed  for  a  time. 

In  the  case  of  scoring  school  buildings,  as  with  any  other 
instrument  of  measurement,  the  result  should  suggest  prob- 
lems, and  in  some  measure  indicate  the  direction  in  which 
reforms  are  to  be  brought  about.  Any  person  using  the  score 
card  should  supplement  the  mere  scoring  of  the  several  items 
with  a  report  upon  any  notable  deficiency  which  renders  the 
building  unfit  for  use.  It  is  entirely  conceivable  that  a  build- 
ing on  most  counts  might  stand  high,  but  in  some  one  particu- 
lar, say,  with  respect  to  fire  protection  or  sanitation,  might 
rate  extremely  low.  In  this  case,  the  notation  after  the  build- 
ing was  scored  would  call  attention  to  the  fact  that  measures 
should  be  taken  immediately  to  remedy  particular  defects,  in 
which  case  the  building  would,  possibly  with  a  minimum  of 
expense,  be  brought  up  to  a  very  high  standard  of  excellency. 


SCORE   CARD   FOR   RURAL   SCHOOL   BUILDINGS 


RURAL  SCORE  CARD 
1*10 


I  by  BUREAU  OF  PUBLICATIONS 
TEACHERS  COLLEGE,  NEW  YORK  CITY 


SCORE  CARD  OF  VILLAGE  OR  RURAL  SCHOOL  BUILDINGS 
OF  FOUR  TEACHERS  OR  LESS 


GEORGE  D.  STRAYER  and  N.  L.  ENGELHARDT 

Te.chf  rs  College,  Columbia  Univenity 


This  score  card  may 


ct  advantage 


be  utilized  in  judging  existing  school  buildings  and  'grounds  or  in  rating  the  plans  of  proposed  school  buildings.    A  distinct 

accrues  from  the  use  of  the  score  card  in  that  it  fixes  attention  upon  alHhe  details  of  the  building.  The  total  score  is  the  composite  of  the  scores  on  all  the 
individual  items.  The  score  card  should  only  be  used  in  conjunction  with  the  bulletin  which  outlines  the  building  standards  which  have  been  determined  upon 
by  the  authors.  The  score  on  any  subdivision  is  based  on  conditions  found  as  contrasted  with  these  standards.  The  score  card  may  be  used  in  making 
building  surveys  of  school  systems  or  as  a  filing  record.' 

Name  of  School  ................................................  District  ........................................  -  .....  Village  .....................  _  ......................................  State.  --------------------  ,_....!.  ...........  _.. 


ENROLLMENT  FOR  A  S-YEAR 

PERIOD 

AVBRA 

Year 

Boys 

1 

Girls 

Total 

Original 

Addition 

Second 

Addition 

Total 

Cost  of  Site 

8 

* 

$ 

$ 

Length  of  Site 

ft. 

ft. 

ff 

ft. 

Width  of  Site 

ft. 

ft. 

ft. 

ft. 

Area  of  Site 

sq.ft. 

sq 

ft. 

sq.ft. 

sq.  ft. 

Cost  of  Building 

$ 

* 

$ 

$ 

Year  of  Construction 

Length  of  Building 

ft. 

ft. 

ft. 

ft. 

Width  of  Building 

ft. 

ft. 

ft. 

ft. 

Area  Occupied  by  Building 

sq.ft. 

sq.ft. 

sq.ft. 

sq.  ft. 

Chief  Material  Used 

Number  of  Stories 

Length  of  Playground 

ft. 

ft. 

ft. 

ft. 

Width  of  Playground 

ft. 

ft. 

ft. 

ft.  ' 

Area  of  Playground 

sq.  ft. 

sq.ft. 

sq.  ft. 

sq.ft. 

Accessibility: 

Percentage  of  patrons  residing  within  I  mile  radius _ From  1-2  mile  radius From  2-3  mile  radius Above  3  miles  from  school 

PERCENTAGE  OF  SITE  USED  FOR:  • 


Law 

ns  and  Landscapes 

Buildings 

Recreation 

Gardening 

Total 

% 

% 

% 

% 

% 

Name  the  kinds  of  playground  apparatus  and  number  of  I 


List  the  attractive  features  of  the  < 


the  unattractive  and  unsanitary  feat 


Travel :    Distance  from  nearest  rural  school ;  second  nearest  rural  school ;  third  nearest  rural  school.. 

Cite  evidences  of  general  character  of  community,  covering  Buildings  and  Improvement 

Highways.-- , Productivity., 

Progressive  methods. ___„, ,,,,„ ™_-. .-..._ — .,. 


..;  from  nearest  village  school _.. 


Fire  Protection :    List  the  rooms  in  which  any  of  the  following  fire  apparatus  is  found : 

Date  of  last  filling  of  fire  extinguishers____.™._~—.. — .. — Fire  hose^,.. —   ,  ,  . 

Is  building  fireproof. ;  basement  isolated  from  first  floor. ;  basement  ceiling 

combustible  and  inflammable  matdial  stored  in  building 


.  Automatic  sprinkler.  .„.. „.„_..„... 

;  heating  apparatus  in  fireproof  enclosure. 


COPVKIOHT  »».  BY  TEACHIES  COLLI 


TEACHERS   COLLEGE  BULLLETIN 


STAIRWAYS: 

Number 

Arc  handrails 
provided 

Kind 

Height  of 
riser 

Width  of 
tread 

Length  of 
tread 

No.  of 
treads 

Maximum  capacity  of: 

To  basement 

Basement 

To  second  floor 

Second  floor 

Are  stairways  enclosed Fireproof Of  what  material  constructed Has  basement  outside  exit List  important  locations 

where  doors  open  inward Are  outer  doors  equipped  with  panic  bolts Are  outside  fire  escapes  provided Fire  gongs 

Dates  of  last  5  fire  drills _ Time  required  to  empty  building Are  outer  doors  locked  during  school  hours..J 

Janitor  Service:     Does  janitor  remain  on  premises  during  school  hours. Method  of  cleaning:  Dry  sweeping Vacuum  cleaner. 

Frequency  of  mopping Sweeping  compound  used Oiled    floors Frequency  of  cleaning Before    school 

hours After  school  hours During  school  hours. How  long  before  or  after „ ..Dusting 

Dry  cloth^ Oiled  cloth. Not  at  all What  evidences  of  efficient  cleaning  service  prevail .-. „ 

Check  type  of  Artificial  Lighting  System  used:   Oil  lamps gas electricity Is  the  lighting  direct,  indirect,  or  semi-indirect 

Number  of  electric  outlets  in  classrooms Corridors. Is  artificial  light  provided  in  toilets Adequacy. _ 


Schedule  and  Emergency  Equipment:    Type  of  bell  used. 


—     Is  community  telephone  connection  provided. 


Check  type  of  Water  Supply:     Community  water  system  ............  Deep  driven  or  bored  well  .............  Dug  well  ..........  :  .........  Spring  .......  _  .....  Neighbor's  well  ___ 

Has  pressure  tank  been  installed  ............  Gasoline  pump  ............  Motor.  ___________  Date  of  last  scientific  testing  of  water  supply.  ...................  _______  ......  _  ......  ___________ 

Results.-  ......................................................  _  ...................................................................  Name  locations  of  drinking  fountains  ___________  ..........  __________________________  _.._..„ 

Are  these  fountains  sanitary.  ...........................  In  good  operating  condition  ............................  Number  of  washbowls  ............................  Location.  .........  „  ..............  ----- 

Soap  provided  ............  Towels  ............  Kind  ....................................  Hot  water.  ...........  Baths  ............  Kind  ..................  _  ................  Location.  ____________________________________ 

Toilet  System:    Location.  ...........................................................................................................  Sanitary  condition.  ____________________  ...............  _  .................................... 

No.  of  boys'  toilet  scats  ........................  Urinals  ....................  ...No.  of  girls'  toilet  seats  ........  ...................  Toilet  provisions  for  teachers.  ________  .................................. 

Janitor  ........................  Type  of  seats  ...  .......  _  .........  ...Arrangement  ..........................  Type  of  urinals  ____________________  Arrangement  __________________  Seclusion....  ............  .... 

Entrances:     Number  of  ....................  ...............................................  Type!  _________  ...........................................................  Conditioa.  ...............................................  _  .....  ____ 

Type  of  foundation  ........................................................................................................  Condition.  ...............................................................  _  ................................................. 

Type  of  roof.  ......  ......  ....................................................................................  .  ....................  Condition.  ........................ 

Has  the  building  a  basement  ..................  .......What  is  its  depth  below  grade  .........................  Ratio  between  window  area  and  floor  area  of  basement  ..........  _  ....... 

List  the  uses  made  of  basement  .......................  „  ......................................................................................................................................  _  ......  _  .............  „  ................................. 

Has  the  building  a  vestibule  ............................  List  the  uses  made  of  vestibule  ..................................  _  ......................  _____  ......  _  ......  ____  ......  „  ..........................................  _ 

Is  vestibule  painted  ................  Color  ....................................  Are  separate  cloakrooms  provided  ..........  ..Number  ........  ...Are  hooks  adjusted  to  height  of  children..... 


Is  natural  light  provided  in  cloakrooms  ................  Are  cloakrooms  under  teacher  control  ................  Are  cloakrooms  painted  ...... 


Color..- 


CORRIDORS 

Width 

L-nsth 

Lighted 

Used  as  Cloakroom 

Obstructions 

First  floor  

Secund  floor  

Check  kind  of  Heating  System :    Wood  stove Gas  stove Jacketed  heater Hot  air  furnace Steam  boiler. Hot  water  boiler... 

Is  it  reported  satisfactory By  whom List  the  rooms  which  cannot  be  satisfactorily  heated _ 

What  are  the  causes  of  unsatisfactory  heating „ _ 

Is  thermostatic  control  provided Date  of  last  official  boiler  inspection 

Check  kind  of  Ventilating  System:     Natural  circulation Window  ventilators Gravity  system  without  exhaust  accelerators 

Mechanically  furnished  fresh  air  supply Mechanical  exhaust  of  foul  air Is  the  system  reported  satisfactory By  whom 

List  the  rooms  not  satisfactorily  ventilated - 


Name  of  Room  or  Part  of  Building 


Repairs'needed 


SCORE    CARD    FOR   RURAL    SCHOOL   BUILDINGS 


DETAILS  OF  THE  CLASSROOMS  AND  SPECIAL  ROOMS 


1.  Room  

1     Room 

2.  Grade  

26.  Width  of  mullions—  inches  

3.  Pupil  capacity  
4.  Pupil  enrollment  

27.  Distance  —  1st  window-front  wall  
28.  Height  of  windows  from  door  

6.                     Width,ft....  

30.  Distance-window  top  to  ceiling  

7.                   Heigkft  

31.  Finish  of  wall  

8.  Floor  ana,  tq.  ft  

32.  Color  of  wall  

9.  Are.  per  child  of  pupa  capacity  

33.  Type  of  blackboard  

1  0.  Area  per  child  of  enrollment  

34.  Height  blackboards  from  floor  

II.  Area  per  child,  40  in  class  

35.  Window  shades-Type  

12.  Total  cubical  contents,  cu.  ft  

36.                         —Color  

13.  Cu.  ft.  per  child  of  pupil  capacity.  .  .  . 

37.  Book  closet  

14.  Cu.  ft.  per  child  of  enrollment  

38.  No.  adjustable  desks  

15.  Cu.  It.  per  child,  40  in  clau  

39.  No.  non-adjustable  desks  

16.  Number  of  windows,  front  

40.  No.  sizes  non-adjustable  desks  

17.                                     left  

41.  Kind  of  teacher's  desk  

18.                                   rear  1 

42.  Check  rooms  having  clocks  (J)  

19.                                   right  

43.  Check  room,  having  fire  extinginguisher 

20.  No.  of  windows  size        i         

44.  Check  rooms  having  artificial  light.  .. 

21.                                        x         

45.  Check  room,  having  thermometer.... 

22.                                   x        

46.  List  other  equipment  here  

23.                                              X          .;.... 

24.  Window  glass  area-sq.  ft  

25.  Ratio  window  area  to  floor  area.  ... 

Draw  a  plan  of  the  school  grounds  and  a  floor  plan  for  each  floor  of  building.  Name  all  rooms  on  floor  plans.  Indicate  doors  by  "d",  windows 
by  "w",  stove  by  "s",  heater  by  "h",  teacher's  desk  by  "td",  blackboards  by  "bl",  etc.  Locate  all  buildings  and  appurtenances  according  to 
code.  Indicate  scale. 

Scale feet  =  %  inch.     Code:  1  =  flagpole.     2  =  well  or  pump.     3  =f uel  shed.     4  =  girls'  toilet.     5  =  boys'   toilet.     6  =  Horseshed.     Name  en- 
vironment of  school  grounds,  such  as  forest,  swamp,  field,  barns,  lawns,  etc. 


TEACHERS    COLLEGE  BULLLETIN 


SCORE  CARD  FOR  RURAL  SCHOOL  BUILDING 
Score  of  Building 


1 

, 

.! 

, 

2 

3 

I.  SITE 

160 

E.  Schedule  and  Emergency  Equipment 

20 

A.  Location 

65 

1.  Clock 

5 

1.  Accessibility 

30 

2.  Bell 

5 

2.  Environment 

33 

3.  Telephone 

5 

B.  Drainage 

40 

4.  First  Aid 

5 

1.  Elevation 

20 

F.  Water  Supply  System 

50 

2.  Nature  of  Soil 

20 

1.  Drinking 

20 

C.  Sire,  Form  and  Use 

43 

45 

2.  Washing 

15 

D.  Flacpolc 

in 

10 

3.  Bathing 

5 

II.    BlILDING 

?00 

4.  Hot  and  Cold 

10 

A.  Placement 

40 

G.  Toilet  Systems 

60 

1.  Orientation 

19 

1.  Placement 

15 

2.  Position  on  Site 

15 

2.  Fixtures 

10 

B.  Gross  Structure 

90 

3.  Adequacy 

10 

1.  Type- 

20 

4.  Seclusion,  Sanitat'n  and  Condit'i 

25 

2.  Material 

10 

IV.  CLASS  ROOMS 

225 

3.  Height 

10 

A.  Arrangement 

10 

10 

4.  Roof 

5 

B.  Construction  and  Finish 

80 

5.  Foundation 

10 

1.  Size 

20 

6.  Walls 

10 

2.  Shape 

15 

7.  Entrances 

10 

3.  Floors 

10 

8.  Aesthetic  Balance 

5 

4.  Walls 

5 

9.  Condition 

10 

5.  Doors 

5 

C.  Internal  Structure 

70 

6.  Closets 

5 

1.  Stairways  and  Corridors 

25 

7:  Blackboards  and  Bulletin  Boards 

15 

2.  Basement 

30 

8.  Color  Scheme 

5 

3.  Color  Scheme 

10 

C.  Illumination 

60 

4.  Attic 

5 

1.  Glass  Area 

30 

III.  SERVICE  SYSTEMS 

250 

2.  Window  Placement 

20 

A.  Heatin?  and  Ventilation 

55 

3.  Shades 

10 

1.  Kind 

?0 

D.  Cloakrooms  and  Wardrobes 

20 

20 

2.  Installation  and  Distribution 

10 

E.  Equipment 

55 

3.  Air  Supply 

15 

1.  Scats  and  Desks 

30 

'  4.  Fans  and  Motors 

5 

2.  Teachers'  Desks 

5 

5.  Temperature  Control 

5 

3.  Other  Equipment 

20 

B.  Fire  Protection 

20 

V.  SPECIAL  ROOMS 

165 

1.  Apparatus 

5 

A.  Rooms  for  General  Use 

80 

2.  Fireproofness 

5 

1.  Play  Room 

20 

3.  Exits 

5 

2.  Community  Room 

30 

4.  Light  Installation 

5 

3.  Library 

20 

C.  Cleaning  System 

25 

4.  Lunch  Room 

10 

1.  Kind  and  Equipment 

10 

B    Officials'  Consultation  Room 

20 

20 

2.  Efficiency 

15 

C.  Other  Special  Service  Rooms 

65 

D,  Artificial  Lighting 

20 

1.  Industrial  Arts 

30 

1.  Gas  or  Electricity 

5 

2.  Household  Arts 

30 

2.  Outlets  and  Fixtures 

10 

3.  Fuel  Room 

5 

3.  Illumination 

5 

Totals 

1000 

1000 

1000 

the  second  and  third  to  be  fil 

il  scores  should  be  recorded  on  the  bas 

ichers  Collese.  Columbia  University,  h 


(2)  For  scoring  three  columns  are  allowed.  While  actually  at  work  on 
;  credit  is  allowed  for  any  single  item  not  present  and  not  needed  in  a  bu 
outlined  in  the  bulletin.  The  Strayer-Eneelhardt  Score  Card  for  Rural  Sch 


:  first  need  be 


STANDARDS  FOR  VILLAGE  AND  RURAL  SCHOOL 
BUILDINGS  OF  FOUR  TEACHERS  AND  LESS 

I.    SITE 

A.  LOCATION  : 

1.  Accessibility: 

a.  Location  near  intersecting  main  highways  if  possible. 

b.  Centrality   (present  and  future)   desirable,  but  not  more 

than  2  miles  from  farthest  home  served  unless  trans- 
portation at  public  expense  is  provided. 

2.  Environment : 

a.  Sanitary  and   healthful  —  not   adjacent   to   farm   houses, 

barns,  stock  pens,  open  ditches,  swamps,  ponds,  or 
dense  woods. 

b.  Free  from  disturbance  by  noise  or  mal-odors  of  railroad 

trains,  mills,  factories,  and  the  like. 

c.  If  located  in  village,  should  no't  be  near  business  center, 

thus  avoiding  disturbing  influence  of  picture  shows, 
candy  shops,  village  loafers,  and  street  activities. 

d.  Free  from  dangerous  cliffs,  deep  or  swift-running  stream, 

or  other  elements  likely  to  make  for  unnecessary 
hazard  to  children  when  not  under  direct  supervision. 

.e.  Pleasing,  natural  landscape,  with  trees,  hedges,  flowers, 
gardens,  green  lawns,  artistic  walks,  and  fences, 

/.     Not  unduly  exposed  to  winter  winds,  storms,  and  floods. 

B.  DRAINAGE  : 

1.  Elevation : 

a.  Natural  elevation  preferred  —  slope  away  from  building. 

b.  Site  should  be  underdrained  with  tile  whenever  necessary. 

2.  Nature  of  soil: 

a.     Quick   drying,   sandy  loam,    fertile   and   well   adapted   to 

vegetation. 
'b.     Section  devoted  to  playground  should  drain  quickly  and 

have  finished  surface  of  finely  crushed  stone  or  gravel. 

C.  SIZE,  FORM,  AND  USE: 

1.  Size:     A  minimum  space  of  four  acres,  thus  providing  space 

for  adequate  playgrounds,  athletic  field,  school  garden, 
and  pleasing  location  of  building. 

2.  Form :    Should  be  rectangular  in  shape,  approximately  300  ft. 

by  55O  ft.,  allowing  for  location  of  building  on  end  or 
corner  with  well  adapted  space  for  playgrounds  and 
garclen. 

3.  Grounds  should  have  modern  play  apparatus,   athletic  field, 

and  school  garden. 


IO  TEACHERS    COLLEGE   BULLLETIN 

D.     FLAG  POLE: 

Preferably  on  grounds  in   front  of  building — pole  higher  than 
building. 

II.     BUILDING 

A.  PLACEMENT: 

1.  Orientation :      Light    exposure    of    classrooms    should   be,    in 

order  of  preference,  southeast,  east,  southwest,  west. 
Classrooms  should  not  have  full  north  or  south  light 
exposure. 

2.  Position   on   site : 

a.  Maximum   artistic   effect. 

b.  Greatest    possible    utilization    of    grounds    for    play    and 

gardening  purposes. 

c.  Should  allow  for  future  additions  and  expansion  of  plant. 

B.  GROSS   STRUCTURES  : 

1.  Cottage  type;  three  or  four  teacher  buildings  can  be  planned 

in  T,  E,  or  U  type  to  advantage,  thus  allowing  for 
easy  additions. 

2.  Materials :  hardburned  brick,  concrete,  hollow  tile  stuccoed, 

or  stone.  Wood,  if  constructed  along  lines  of  modern 
fire-resistive  methods. 

3.  Height:  one  story,  above  basement.     No  one  to  four  teacher 

building  will  be  approved  if  more  than  one  story  in 
height. 

4.  Roof : 

a.  Sloping   of    asbestos    shingle,    slate,    or   tile,    waterproof, 

properly  sloped  for  drainage. 

b.  Provided   with    eave   gutters    and    leaders    emptying   into 

cistern   connections   or  other   outlets. 

c.  Metal  guards  near  eaves  to  prevent  snow  slides. 

5.  Foundation : 

a.  Concrete  or  masonry  walls  with  wide   footing. 

b.  Should  extend  below  maximum   freezing  line. 

c.  Wall  inclosing  basement  should  be  made  waterproof  and 

dampproof. 

6.  Walls: 

a.  Walls   of   hard   brick   laid   in  cement   mortar,   reinforced 

concrete,  masonry,  hollow  tile,  or  wood. 

b.  Outer  walls  of  masonry  buildings  should  be  furred. 

c.  If  built  of  wood,  fire   stops  of   metal,  asbestos,  or  brick 

should  be  inserted  to  prevent  rapid  spread  of  fire 
through  building. 


SCORE   CARD    FOR   RURAL    SCHOOL   BUILDINGS  II 

7.  Entrances : 

a.  Number : 

(1)  One  or  two  teacher  building,  one  or  more  entrances, 

6  to  8  feet  in  width  with  porch  reached  by  con- 
crete steps,  6  inch  risers,  12  inch  non-slip  treads. 

(2)  Three  and  four  teacher  building  should  have  at  least 

two   entrances. 

(3)  Outside    entrance    to   heating    system    if    located    in 

basement. 

(4)  Community    room,    if    located   in   basement,    should 

have  convenient  outside  entrance  allowing  use  of 
room  during  school  hours  without  disturbing 
school  activities. 

b.  All  entrances  should  be  kept  free  from  outside  obstruc- 

tions. 

c.  Doors : 

(1)  Two  pairs  of  double  doors,  opening  outward,  sub- 

stantial but  not  so  heavy  as  to  be  out  of  propor- 
tion to  the  strength  of  small  children  who  will 
open  them. 

(2)  Should  be  provided  with   panic  bolts,   checks,  and 

provision  for  holding  open. 

(3)  Size  — 3  x  7^  to  8  feet. 

8.  Aesthetic  balance : 

a.  The  building  should  be  symmetrical  and  pleasing  in  effect. 

b.  All  ornamentation  not  contributing  to  strength  or  utility 

should  be  avoided. 

c.  Should    vary    in    design    from    other    buildings    in    same 

vicinity  but  set  a  standard  of  good  taste. 

9.  Condition : 

The  building   should   be   well   painted   and   kept    free    from 
defacements  and  demarkations. 

C.     INTERNAL  STRUCTURE: 

i.     Stairways,    vestibules,    and    corridors: 
a.     Basement  stairways: 

(1)  Constructed  of  fireproof  material. 

(2)  Width  — 4^2  to  5  feet,  12  inch  treads,  6  inch  risers. 

(3)  Landings :  should  equal  in  width  the  length  of  the 

treads. 

(4)  Lighting:   natural  as  well  as  artificial  light   should 

be  provided  in  adequate  amount. 

(5)  No   storage   rooms   should  be  located  under   stair- 

ways. 

(6)  When  leading  to  basement  containing  heating  appar- 

tus  should  be  closed  off  at  base  by  fireproof  doors. 


12  TEACHERS    COLLEGE   BULLLETIN 

(7)  Sanitation :  where  angles  and  corners  would  other- 
wise occur  in  stairway  construction,  the  plans 
should  provide  for  concaved  surfaces  (coves), 
thus  preventing  the  accumulation  of  dust,  dirt 
and  germ-carrying  filth  in  places  inaccessible  to 
brooms  and  brushes. 

b.  Vestibules : 

(1)  8  to  12  feet  wide. 

(2)  So   arranged   as   to   serve  as   storm   door   entrance 

preventing  cold  drafts  of  air  from  entering 
school  room  or  corridor  when  outer  doors  are 
opened.  Should  not  be  used  as  cloakroom. 

(3)  Metal  foot  scraper  mat  flush  with  floor  in  vestibule. 

c.  Corridors  —  essential    to    any   3    and  4   teacher   building 

plan. 

(1)  Should  provide  easy  access  to  classrooms  and  exits 

with  least  possibility  of  congestion. 

(2)  Construction : 

(a)  Material  —  hard  maple  or  hard  pine  or  battle- 

ship linoleum  glued  on  wood  floors.  Cement 
overlaid  with  battleship  linoleum  preferred. 

(b)  Width  — 7  to  10  feet. 

(c)  Doors  —  all  classroom  and  special  room  doors 

should  open  into  corridor,  glazed  in  upper 
portion. 

(d)  Lighting  —  adequate    natural    light,    sunshine 

if  possible,  with  provision  for  artificial 
lighting. 

(e)  Heating — should  be  as  well  heated  as  other 

parts  of  building,  provisions  being  made  for 
warming  feet  and  drying  wet  and  damp 
clothing. 

(f)  Sanitation  —  all   intersecting   surfaces   should 

show  cove  finish,  preventing  accumulation 
of  dust  and  dirt.  Dirt  catching  ledges 
should  be  avoided.  • 

(3)  Should  be   free    from   projections    or   obstructions. 

Pleasing  effect- — should  be  made  attractive  by 
furnishing  with  pictures,  friezes,  busts,  plants, 
and  the  like. 

2.     Basement : 

a.  Depth  below  grade  —  except  for  heating  plant  and   fuel 

room,   basement    should   not   extend    more   than   3^ 
feet  below  grade. 

b.  Heating  plant  and  fuel  room   should  be  separated   from 

rest  of  basement  by  fireproof  masonry  walls  and  fire- 
proof ceiling  with  self-closing  fire  doors. 


SCORE   CARD   FOR  RURAL   SCHOOL   BUILDINGS  13 

c.     Floors  and  walls  should  be  damp-proof. 

3.  Color  scheme:     (See  Classrooms.) 

4.  Roof   space — properly  ventilated. 

III.    SERVICE  SYSTEMS 

A.    HEATING  AND  VENTILATING: 

The  systems  of  heating  and  ventilating  are  here  defined  with  a 
compound  name  —  the  first  part  of  which  designates 
the  heating  system  and  the  second  part  the  ventilat- 
ing system. 

DEFINITIONS 

1.  The  "Furnace-Gravity"  system  includes  the  following: 

a.  Ventilating  room  heaters.     These  shall  be  located  on  the 

same  floor  with  the  room  or  rooms  to  be  heated,  but 
in  separate  compartments  adjacent  to  these  rooms;  or 

b.  Hot  air  furnace  located  in  the  basement  and  below  the 

room  or  rooms  to  be  heated. 

Both  appliances  (a)  and  (b)  take  the  air  from  out  of  doors 
and  deliver  warm  air  to  the  rooms  without  the  use  of 
mechanical  devices.  Ducts  or  flues  of  proper  size  are 
provided.  The  air,  in  sufficient  volume  to  ventilate 
the  rooms,  is  heated  to  a  temperature  adequate  to 
maintain  the  standards  set  up  in  these  requirements. 
In  addition,  there  is  provided  a  corresponding  gravity 
exhaust  system,  which  withdraws  vitiated  air  from 
the  rooms  and  discharges  it  out  of  doors.  The  dis- 
charge may  be  effected  with  or  without  acceleration 
by  means  of  an  added  source  of  heat. 

2.  The  "  Direct-Natural "  system  shall  mean  an  equipment  in- 

cluding direct  radiators  under  the  windows  for  heat- 
ing the  room  and  properly  designed  deflecting  venti- 
lators for  the  windows.  These  ventilators  will  allow 
the  natural  admission  of  the  air  from  out  of  doors. 
A  system  of  exhaust  ventilation  for  the  removal  of 
vitiated  air  in  the  required  volume,  through  specially 
located  outlets  in  the  room,  is  included.  The  follow- 
ing rules  should  be  followed : 

a.  This  system  should  not  be  used  in  assembly  rooms. 

b.  It  should  be  used  only  in  connection  with  a  steam  atmos- 

pheric vapor  system  of  heating,  with  graduating  con- 
trol valves  on  the  radiators. 

c.  The  radiators  shall  extend  the  full  width  of  all  windows. 

All  windows  shall  be  used  for  the  admission  of  air  to 
the  room.  Radiators  shall  contain  not  less  than  twice 
the  radiating  surface  otherwise  necessary  to  maintain 
the  standard  room  temperature. 

d.  Window  deflecting  ventilators,  not  less  than  twelve  (12) 

inches  high,  should  be  placed  on  the  sill  and  extend 
the  full  width  of  each  window.  They  should  be  of 
such  construction  as  to  insure  effective  deflection  and 
diffusion  of  the  air  without  objectionable  drafts. 

e.  Vitiated  air  should  be  taken  from  each  room  through  one 

or  more  openings  located  near  the  floor  in  the  wall 
on  the  side  of  the  room  opposite  from  the  window 
ventilators.  If  no  accelerating  heaters  are  placed  in 


14  TEACHERS    COLLEGE   BULLLET1N 

the  exhaust  flues,  at  least  two  such  openings  should 
be  provided  in  each  schoolroom.  These  openings 
should  be  spaced  not  less  than  eight  (8)  feet  apart, 
center  to  center.  Each  opening  should  connect  with 
^  an  independent  exhaust  flue  extending  through  the 

roof.  The  combined  areas  of  such  flues  should  be  not 
less  than  one  (i)  square  foot  for  each  five  occupants 
of  the  room.  Each  flue  should  be  provided  with  a 
shut-off  damper.  For  a  mechanical  exhaust,  or  for  a 
gravity  exhaust  system  having  accelerating  heaters 
in  the  flues,  a  single  exhaust  opening  and  flue  for 
each  room  may  be  provided.  This  single  opening 
should  be  located  as  above  required. 

3.  The.  "  Direct-Gravity  "  system  includes  : 

a.  Direct  radiators  located  within  the  rooms  to  be  heated; 

and 

b.  Indirect  radiators,  in  suitable  casings,  located  below  the 

rooms  to  be  ventilated. 

The  air  is  taken  from  out  of  doors  over  the  indirect 
radiators  and  delivered  to  the  rooms  in  sufficient 
volume  and  at  approximately  the  required  room 
temperature,  without  the  direct  use  of  mechanical 
means.  Ducts  and  flues  of  proper  size  are  used  for 
the  delivery  of  air.  Approved  mechanical  means 
should  be  provided  for  auxiliary  use  when  neces- 
sary. A  corresponding  gravity  exhaust  system, 
which  withdraws  the  vitiated  air  from  the  rooms  and 
discharges  it  out  of  doors,  should  be  installed.  This 
exhaust  system  may  be  installed  with  or  without 
acceleration  by  means  of  an  added  source  of  heat. 

4.  The  "Direct-Mechanical"  system  includes  the  following: 

a.  The  "  split  system,"  providing  both  direct  radiators  located 

within  the  rooms  to  be  heated,  and  a  forced  air  supply 
for  classrooms,  study  rooms,  and  the  like.  The 
forced  air  supply  system  consists  of  a  mechanically 
operated  fan  or  blower,  which  takes  the  air  from  out 
of  doors  and  draws  or  forces  it  through  suitably  en- 
closed air  heaters.  At  these  heaters  it  is  warmed  to 
approximately  room  temperature  and  thence  delivered 
to  the  rooms  through  properly  proportioned  ducts  or 
flues. 

b.  A  "unit  system,"  which  includes  in  each  room  one  or  more 

ventilating  units  which  are  located  under  the  windows 
and  which  contain  electrically  operated  twin  multi- 
blade  fans,  drawing  the  air  directly  from  out  of  doors 
and  delivering  it  to  the  room  in  the  required  volume. 
The  ventilating  unit  also  contains  extended  surface 
steam  radiators  for  heating  the  air  to  the  required 
temperature. 

In  connection  with  either  of  the  above  systems  a  cor- 
responding mechanical  or  gravity  exhaust  system  is 
installed.  This  exhaust  system  withdraws  the  vitiated 
air  directly  from  the  rooms  and  discharges  it  out  of 
doors.  The  discharge  may  be  effected  with  or  with- 
out acceleration  by  means  of  an  added  source  of  heat. 

5.  The    "Indirect-Mechanical"    system    permits    of    no    direct 

radiators  within  the  school  rooms,  but  provides  for 
both  the  heating  and  ventilation  of  school  rooms  to 


SCORE   CARD    FOR    RURAL    SCHOOL   BUILDINGS  15 

the  required  standard  by  means  of  a  forced  system  of 
air  supply.  A  mechanically  operated  fan  or  blower 
is  employed  which  takes  the  air  from  out  of  doors 
and  draws  or  forces  it  through  suitably  enclosed  steam 
or  hot  water  indirect  radiators  or  through  hot  air 
•furnaces.  When  thus  warmed  to  a  sufficient  tem- 
perature, the  air  is  delivered  to  the  classrooms 
through  properly  proportioned  ducts  or  flues.  A 
corresponding  mechanical  or  gravity  exhaust  system 
for  classrooms,  study  rooms,  and  the  like,  is  used. 
This  system  provides  for  the  withdrawal  of  the  viti- 
ated air  from  the  rooms  and  its  discharge  out  of 
doors.  This  system  may  be  installed  with  or  without 
acceleration  -by  means  of  an  added  source  of  heat. 
The  indirect  mechanical  system  requires,  in  addition, 
direct  radiators  sufficient  to  heat  all  rooms  where 
water  is  provided  and  also  direct  radiators  at  all  en- 
trances. 

The  "  Direct-Indirect  "  system  : 

The  so-called  "direct-indirect  "  system  of  heating  and  ven- 
tilation should  not  be  used  in  any  school  room.  By 
"  direct-indirect "  is  meant  the  introduction  of  air  at 
the  base,  or  upon  any  part,  of  a  "  direct  "  radiator 
without  the  use  of  a  fan  as  provided  in  the  "unit 
system." 


1.  Kinds  of  systems  acceptable: 

a.  One  and  Two  Teacher  Schools  :    The  "  Furnace-Gravity  " 

system,  using  either  ventilating  room  heaters  or  hot 
air  furnaces,  is  the  standard;  other  systems,  or  ap- 
proved combination. thereof,  may  be  used. 

b.  Three    and    Four    Teacher    Schools:       The    "Furnace- 

Gravity  "  system,  using  hat  air  furnace  only,  is  the 
standard;  other  systems,  or  approved  combination 
thereof,  may  be  used. 

2.  Installation  and  distribution  : 
a.     Ventilating   room   heaters : 

(1)  Should  not  be  installed  in  any  school  building  con- 

taining more  than  twenty  thousand  (20,000) 
cubic  feet  of  space  to  be  heated.  No  single  heater 
should  serve  more  than  ten  thousand  (10,000) 
cubic  feet  of  space. 

(2)  Approved   vertical    pattern,    having   insulated    sheet 

metal  shield  entirely  surrounding  the  heater.  The 
shield  should  be  not  less  than  six  (6)  inches  dis- 
tant from  the  radiating  surface  of  the  heater. 
The  bottom  of  the  shield  should  be  not  mote  than 
fourteen  (14)  inches  or  less  than  eight  (8)  inches 
distant  from  the  floor. 


16  TEACHERS    COLLEGE   BULLLETIN 

(3)  Provided  with  approved  water  evaporating  pan  lo- 

cated within  the  shield,  preferably  on  the  heater. 

(4)  Computed  for  size  on  the  basis  of: 

(a)  Total  heat  necessary  for  heating  building  and 

warming  the  air  for  ventilation  as  required. 

(b)  The  heating  value  of  fuel. 

(c)  The  rate  of  combustion. 

(d)  The  combined  efficiency  of  furnace  and  grate. 
The  heating   surfaces  and  grate  area  of  the 

heater  shall  be  such  that  its  rated  and  re- 
quired capacity  may  be  obtained  without 
forcing  under  any  conditions  of  service. 

(5)  Provided  with  an  approved  exhaust  or  vitiated  air 

flue  located  in  the  same  end  of  the  room  as  the 
heater,  and  not  less  than  four  (4)  feet  distant 
therefrom.  This  flue  should  conform  to  either 
of  the  following  standards: 

(a)  When  exhaust  air  is  taken  out  through  the 
smoke  flue  the  flue  should  be  not  less  than 
sixteen  by  sixteen  ( 16  x  16)  inches  clear  on 
the  inside  throughout  its  entire  length.  The 
flue  should  be  provided  with  an  approved 
mixing  chamber  which  should  insure  a 
maximum  ventilation  of  the  room,  together 
with  a  complete  exhaust  of  the  waste  pro- 
ducts of  combustion. 

(&)  When  the  exhaust  air  flue  is  separate  from 
the  smoke  flue  it  should  be  constructed  of 
double  brick  walls  and  should  be  not  less 
than  twenty  by  twenty  (20  x  20)  inches 
from  the  floor  inside  throughout  its  entire 
length.  The  smoke  flue  which  should  be  lo- 
cated in  the  center  of  the  exhaust  flue 
should  not  be  less  than  eight  (8)  inches  in 
diameter  and  constructed  of  iron  of  not 
less  than  12  U.  S.  gauge  metal.  Double 
flue  chimneys,  in  which  it  is  proposed  to  use 
one  flue  for  smoke  and  the  other  flue,  for 
exhaust  air,  are  not  acceptable.  Exhaust 
air  connections  from  rooms  should  be  near 
the  base  of  the  exhaust  flue.  Every  such 
room  opening  should  be  fitted  with  a  wall 
grille  or  register  and  a  shut-off  damper  or 
equivalent  device.  Floor  registers  do  not 
meet  the  standard. 


SCORE   CARD   FOR  RURAL   SCHOOL  BUILDINGS  17 

b.    Hot  air  furnaces: 

(1)  Should  be  of  approved  design,  having  fire  pot  and 

radiator  entirely  surrounded  by  insulated  sheet 
metal  casing  or  masonry  enclosure.  This  en- 
closure should  be  so  arranged  that  no  perceptible 
resistance  is  encountered  by  the  air  in  passing  to 
the  warm  air  leaders. 

(2)  Should  be  provided  with  approved  water  evaporat- 

ing pan  located  within  the  casing,  preferably  near 
the  top. 

(3)  Should  be  computed  for  size  on  same  basis  as  speci- 

fied  for  ventilating  room  heaters. 
3.    Air  supply: 

a.  Supply  1800  to  2000  cubic  feet  of  air  per  hour  to  each 

child  in  classroom. 

b.  Maintain  temperature  of  65  to  68  degrees  F.  on  coldest 

days  without  recirculation  of  air. 

c.  Air  must  be  kept  in  motion  in  all  parts  of  the  room  allow- 

ing no  dead  air  pockets  to  exist. 

d.  Supply  air  at  relative  humidity  of  from  40  to  50. 

e.  Humidification  —  steam  jets  or  vaporization  by  means  of 

trays  or  tanks  of  heated  water  in  contact  with  air 
to  be  circulated. 
/.     Recirculation  of  air  not  permitted  while  children  are  in 

building  unless  passed  through  air  washer. 
B.    FIRE  PROTECTION  SYSTEM  : 

1.  Apparatus  —  Small  hand  fire  extinguishers  easily  accessible 

from  any  part  of  building.  Should  be  two  in  each 
work  room  and  one  near  heating  plant. 

2.  Fireproofness  —  Desirable   from   standpoint   of  security  and 

durability  of  structure.  Not  essential  to  safety  of 
occupants  if  exits  are  well  planned.  Door  leading  to 
furnace  room  should  be  fireproof  and  self-closing. 
Furnace  room  should  be  fireproof. 

3.  Exits  —  No  part  of  building,  including  basement,  should  be 

without  direct  and  unobstructed  passage  to  outside  of 
building. 

4.  Light  installation  —  Electric  wiring  and  lighting  fixtures  in- 

stalled in  accordance  with  the  latest  rules  of  the  Na- 
tional Board  of  Fire  Underwriters.  Inspection  and 
certificate  of  approval  by  underwriters  required. 
Acetylene  gas  or  gasoline  tanks  should  be  located  be- 
low surface  at  safe  distance  from  building  with  con- 
nections that  meet  underwriters'  standards. 


Note:  For  standards  of  steam,  hot  water  boilers,  radiators,  etc., 
consult  the  Stray er-Engelhardt  Score  Card  for  City  School 
Buildings,  published  by  the  Bureau  of  .Publications, 
Teachers  College,  Columbia  University,  New  York  City. 


l8  TEACHERS    COLLEGE   BULLLETIN 

C.  CLEANING  SYSTEM  : 

1.  Kind  and  equipment  —  Oil  brushes,  cleaning  compound,  and 

dust  cloths.  Corn  brooms  and  feather  dusters  should 
not  be  used  for  cleaning  purposes.  Portable  vacuum 
cleaner,  with  suitable  appliances,  will  be  found  de- 
sirable for  the  three  and  four-teacher  buildings. 
Electric  generator  for  cleaning,  where  no  public  ser- 
vice electric  supply  exists,  is  desirable. 

2.  Efficiency  —  All  parts  of  building  and   equipment   should  be 

neat  and  sanitary.  All  cleaning  should  be  done  out- 
side of  school  hours. 

D.  ARTIFICIAL  LIGHTING  SYSTEMS: 

1.  Kind  —  Electricity  or  gas.    Electric  generator  for  light,  where 

no  public  electric  service  exists,  should  be  provided. 

2.  Outlets  and  fixtures  —  6  to  9  per  classroom ;  special  attention 

should  be  paid  to  lighting  of  auditorium  or  com- 
munity room. 

3.  Standard  illumination  —  9  foot  candles  at  each  desk  with  no 

glare,  shadows,  or  light  in  direct  line  of  vision. 

E.  SCHEDULE  AND  EMERGENCY  EQUIPMENT  : 

1.  Clock  in  each  classroom. 

2.  Electric  gong  desirable.     Hand  bell  or  belfry  signals  allow- 

able as  substitutes. 

3.  Telephone  connection  with  community  telephone  system. 

4.  First-aid  case  with  complete  emergency  equipment  available 

in  case  of  minor  accidents. 

F.  WATER  SUPPLY  SYSTEM  : 

Source  of  water:  community  water  system  or  deep  drilled, 
bored,  or  driven  wells  precluding  possibility  of  sur- 
face drainage  or  contamination.  Dug  wells  or  springs 
not  acceptable. 

(a)  Building  should  be  equipped  with  pressure  tank, 
gasoline,   or  motor-driven  pump  and  complete  water 
supply  piping  and  fixtures. 

(b)  Water  periodically  tested, 
i.     Drinking : 

a.  One    automatic    bubbling    fountain,    of    type    preventing 

mouth  coming  in  contact  with  bubbler,  for  each  fifty 
pupils. 

b.  Should  _  be   located    in    corridor   with    provision    for    easy 

use  by  small  children. 

c.  Drinking  facilities  should  never  be  placed  in  toilet  rooms. 

d.  Individual   drinking  cups   required  where  drinking  foun- 

tains are  not  installed. 


SCORE   CARD   FOR  RURAL   SCHOOL   BUILDINGS  IQ 

2.  Washing : 

Wash  bowls  adapted  to  height  of  children  in  toilet  rooms. 

Officials'  consultation   room  and  work  rooms  should 

have  washbowls  where  possible. 
Sinks  —  should  be  located  in  work  rooms,  basement  and 

janitor's  closet. 

3.  Bathing : 

Provision  for  shower  baths.  Individual  shower  stalls  and 
adjoining  dressing  stall  with  canvas  curtain  should 
be  provided  for  girls.  Heads  of  showers  located  on 
angle  and  at  sides  of  shower  compartment.  Separate 
valves  for  hot  and  cold  water. 

4.  Hot   and   cold   water    should   be   supplied   to   above   washing 

facilities.  Hot  water  heater  separate  from  heating 
plant.  Soap  and  towels — 'liquid  soap  and  paper 
towels  should  be  furnished. 

G.     TOILET  SYSTEM  : 

1.  All  toilets  should  be  placed  inside  of  building  on  same  floor 

as  classrooms.  Separate  toilets  should  be  provided 
for  teachers. 

2.  Fixtures : 

a.  Porcelain  seats  of  open  type  with  individual  flush.    Height 

adapted  to  children. 

b.  Boys'  individual  urinals  of  porcelain    (non-absorbent  and 

easily  cleaned). 

3.  Sewage  disposal  plant  with  septic  tank  and  filtration  field  or 

chemical  toilet  or  sewer  connection. 

4.  Adequacy  —  one  seat   for  each  25   boys  or  fraction  thereof; 

one  urinal  for  each  15  boys.  One  seat  for  each  15 
girls. 

5.  Seclusion,  sanitation,  and  condition  : 

a.  Seclusion — -Non-communicating,     soundproof     walls    be- 

tween adjoining  rooms  provided  for  the  two  sexes. 
Entrances  to  toilet  rooms  should  be  well  screened. 
Stalls  with  light  swinging  doors  for  each  seat. 

b.  Sanitation   and   condition  —  Light,    airy   rooms;    sunshine 

desirable.  Separate  duct  for  ventilating  purposes ; 
exposed  plumbing,  non-absorbed  floors  and  walls.  All 
interior  walls  finished  in  moisture-proof  cement 
painted  white,  capable  of  being  washed.  No  demar- 
cations or  defacements  should  be  permitted  to  remain 
in  any  toilet  rooms. 

IV.    CLASSROOMS 
A.    ARRANGEMENT  : 

Easy  of  access  to  exits.  Minimum  of  congestion  in  pass- 
ing "to  and  from  rooms. 


2O  TEACHERS    COLLEGE  BULLLETIN 

B.  CONSTRUCTION  AND  FINISH  : 

1.  Size : 

a.  18  square  feet  of  floor  space  and  200  cubic  feet  of  air 

space  per  pupil  as  minima. 

b.  22*  x  28'  x  12'  seating  30  pupils. 
24'  x  32'  x  12'  seating  4o  pupils. 

2.  Rectangular  —  seated  on  the  long  axis. 

3.  Floors  —  Hard  wood  or  wood  overlaid  with  battleship  lin- 

oleum. 

4.  Walls  and  ceiling:  standard  —  hard,  smooth,  non-gloss  finish 

plaster.  Picture  mold  and  wall  space  for  pictures, 
maps,  and  the  like. 

5.  Doors  —  substantial  but  not  heavy,  3  feet  x  7  feet,  opening 

outward.     No  raised  thresholds  across  door  openings. 

6.  Closets  or  closed  cases  —  At  least  one  in  each  classroom  pro- 

viding space  for  supplies,  books,  -globes,  etc. 

7.  Blackboards : 

a.  High  grade  slate  4  feet  wide,  mounted  with  firm  back- 

ing; perfectly  butted  and  shaved  joints.  Height  from 
floor  should  vary  with  age  of  children.  For  lower 
grades  24  inches,  upper  grades  32  to  36  inches.  Should 
run  full  length  of  front  wall  and  wall  opposite  win- 
dows. No  blackboard  should  be  placed  on  window 
wall. 

b.  Bulletin  boards  —  Part  of   space  not  utilized  for  black- 

board should  be  used  for  cork  or  burlap  display.  In 
one-  and  two-teacher  schools  blackboards  should  be 
installed  at  two  heights  —  24  inches  and  32  inches. 

8.  Color  scheme  —  Walls  light  buff  or  light  gray ;  ceilings  white 

or  very  light  cream.  Woodwork  and  furniture  to 
harmonize  in  tone  in  dull  finish. 

C.  ILLUMINATION  : 

1.  Glass  area  equal  to  1/5  to  1/4  of  floor  area. 

2.  Window  placement  —  Unilateral  from  pupils'  left,  banked  as 

closely  as  construction  will  permit,  extending  from 
rear  of  room  to  within  7  feet  of  front  wall.  Sill  of 
window  should  be  from  3  to  4  feet  from  floor  and 
top  should  be  as  near  ceiling  as  possible.  Mullions 
should  not  exceed  ten  inches  in  width. 
Optional:  Counterbalance  windows  may  be  found  desirable. 

3.  Shades  —  Double  mounted  at  center  of  window  or  adjust- 

able, one  pulling  each  way;  light  tan  or  straw  color; 
in  good  condition  and  repair. 

D.  CLOAKROOMS  AND  WARDROBES  : 

Should  provide  ample  space  for  winter  wraps  for  full  ca- 
pacity of  classrooms.  Rack  for  umbrellas.  Cloak- 
rooms should  be  separate  from  corridors  and  class- 


SCORE   CARD   FOR  RURAL   SCHOOL  BUILDINGS  21 

rooms.  Hooks  or  hangers  in  cloakrooms  should  be 
placed  at  heights  to  conform  to  the  size  of  children 
expected  to  use  the  classrooms  for  which  cloakrooms 
are  provided.  The  heights  of  children  vary  approx- 
imately as  follows : 

5  year  olds 39  inches  to  46  inches 

6  year  olds 39  inches  to  49  inches 

7  year  olds 40  inches  to  52  inches 

8  year  olds 42  inches  to  54  inches 

9  year  olds •  •  -45  inches  to  56  inches 

10  year  olds 47  inches  to  59  inches 

11  year  olds 48  inches  to  63  inches 

1 2  year  olds 50  inches  to  66  inches 

13  year  olds 53  inches  to  69  inches 

14  year  olds 55  inches  to  71  inches 

15  year  olds 57  inches  to  72  inches 

16  year  olds 58  inches  to  72  inches 

Adequate    shelving    should    be    provided    in    cloakrooms    for 

children's  lunch  boxes.* 

E.     EQUIPMENT: 

1.  Seats    and    desks  —  Should    be    individual,    adjustable,    and 

adjusted.  Movable  chairs  are  preferable  to  screwed 
clown  seats.  No  double  seats,  seating  two  children, 
should  be  installed  in  any  school.  For  children  excep- 
tionally large,  the  front  or  back  seat  of  a  row  should 
be  placed  to  suit.  In  all  cases  pupils  should  be  com- 
fortably seated.  Where  adjustable  desks  only  are 
used  in  one  to  four-teacher  schools,  there  should  be 
three  sizes,  capable  of  being  adjusted  as  to  height  of 
seat  and  desk. 

2.  Teachers'  desks  —  Substantial,  attractive,  adequate  to  needs, 

not  mounted  on  platform.  Preferably  size  52  x  32 
(approximately)  and  with  body  raised  from  floor  to 
permit  of  sweeping  underneath. 

3.  Other  equipment  —  Maps,  globes,  stereopticon,  books,  pictures, 

phonograph,  etc.  Suitable  boards  cut  to  fit  tops  of 
desks,  making  tables  for  school  or  community  exhib- 
its, dinners,  etc. 

V.     SPECIAL  ROOMS 

A.    ROOMS  FOR  GENERAL  USE; 

i.  Play  room  —  Basement  space  of  classroom  size  or  greater. 
For  buildings  of  three  or  more  rooms  two  play  rooms 
should  be  provided,  one  each  for  boys  and  girls. 
Movable  furniture  in  classroom,  when  moved  aside, 
may  provide  play  space  for  smaller  children. 


22  TEACHERS    COLLEGE   BULLLETIN 

2.  Community  room : 

a.  In  case  of   one-teacher  buildings,  provided  in  basement. 

(space  otherwise  used  as  play  room).  Must  have 
convenient  outside  entrance.  Classroom  and  adjoin- 
ing spaces  for  library  and  manual  arts  may  be  used 
for  community  purposes  when  movable  furniture  is 
installed. 

b.  In  case  of  two-  to  four-teacher  building,  two  classrooms 

may  be  thrown  together  by  means  of  sliding  or  fold- 
ing doors  or  larger  space  may  be  provided  in  basement 
with  platform  or  stage. 

3.  Library  —  Not  less  than  80  square  feet  for  one-teacher  school, 

and  increasing  in  size  with  "the  number  of  teachers 
and  pupils.  Book  shelves,  library  tables  and  chairs. 
Well  selected  books.  Library  should  be  well  lighted 
and  attractive.  Teacher  control  either  by  means  of 
glass  partition  or  screen. 

4.  Lunch    room  —  In    conjunction    with    or    adjoining    domestic 

science  room.  Tables,  chairs,  and  provision  for  serv-. 
ing  hot  lunches  or  supplementing  children's  lunch  with 
hot  soup,  cocoa,  and  the  like. 

R.  SCHOOL  OFFICIALS'  CONSULTATION  ROOM  —  General  purpose:  room 
to  serve  as  teachers'  room,  visiting  nurses'  quarters, 
school  board  meetings,  and  private  conferences  of 
teachers  with  pupils,  parents,  and  school  officials. 

C.    OTHER  SPECIAL  ROOMS: 

1.  Industrial    arts    room   with   benches,   tools,    stock   rack,    and 

lockers.    Teacher  control  from  classroom. 

2.  Household  arts  room  —  equipped   for   teaching  cookery   and 

sewing.     Teacher  control  from  classroom. 

3.  Fuel  room  —  inside  building  convenient  to  heating  apparatus. 

Dustproof  and  capable  of  being  closed  off  from  class- 
room or  heating  room. 

4.  Fireproof  ash-bin  in  basement  if  ashcans  are  not  provided. 


